Data size converter — bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB and more
This data unit converter instantly converts any value to all common storage units: bytes (B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), terabytes (TB), petabytes (PB) in the SI decimal standard and their binary IEC counterparts: kibibytes (KiB), mebibytes (MiB), gibibytes (GiB), tebibytes (TiB) and pebibytes (PiB). Useful for comparing disk capacities, memory and file sizes.
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How we calculate data units
SI (decimal) standard: 1 KB = 10³ B, 1 MB = 10ⶠB, 1 GB = 10â¹ B, 1 TB = 10¹² B, 1 PB = 10¹ⵠB. IEC (binary) standard: 1 KiB = 2¹Ⱐ= 1024 B, 1 MiB = 2²ⰠB, 1 GiB = 2³ⰠB, 1 TiB = 2â´â° B, 1 PiB = 2âµâ° B. The converter first converts to bytes, then divides by each unit multiplier.
Example calculation
1 GB (SI) = 1,000,000,000 bytes = 1000 MB = 0.001 TB. In binary IEC units: 1 GB ≈ 0.931 GiB. That is why a manufacturer-labelled 500 GB hard drive shows about 465 GiB in Windows.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between a kilobyte (KB) and a kibibyte (KiB)?
A kilobyte (KB) in the SI standard equals 1000 bytes (decimal), while a kibibyte (KiB) in the IEC standard equals 1024 bytes (binary). The gap widens at higher units — 1 GiB = 1,073,741,824 B, while 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 B.
How many bytes are in 1 gigabyte (GB)?
In the decimal SI system: 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes. In the binary IEC system: 1 GiB = 1,073,741,824 bytes. Hard-drive manufacturers use GB (SI), which is why an OS shows less capacity than advertised.
How do I convert megabytes to gigabytes?
In SI: divide megabytes by 1000. For example, 2500 MB ÷ 1000 = 2.5 GB. In IEC: divide mebibytes by 1024. For example, 2048 MiB ÷ 1024 = 2 GiB.
Why does Windows show less capacity than the manufacturer claims?
Manufacturers label drives in GB (1 GB = 10⹠B), but operating systems historically displayed storage in GiB (1 GiB = 2³ⰠB ≈ 1.074 × 10⹠B) while calling it "GB". A 1 TB drive shows ≈ 931 GiB. No space is lost — it is a difference in definitions.
How many gigabytes are in 1 terabyte?
1 TB (SI) = 1000 GB. 1 TiB (IEC) = 1024 GiB ≈ 1099.5 GB. The converter calculates both automatically based on the selected input unit.
What is a petabyte (PB) and when is it used?
A petabyte (PB) is 10¹ⵠbytes (1000 TB) in SI, or 1024 TiB in IEC (PiB). It is used by data centres, cloud providers (AWS, Google, Azure) and large scientific institutions such as CERN.
How do I convert bytes to kilobytes?
In SI: divide by 1000. For example, 5000 B = 5 KB. In IEC: divide by 1024. For example, 5120 B = 5 KiB. Enter the byte value and select B as the input unit.
What is the order of data units from smallest to largest?
Bit (b) → Byte (B, 8 bits) → Kilobyte (KB) → Megabyte (MB) → Gigabyte (GB) → Terabyte (TB) → Petabyte (PB) → Exabyte (EB) → Zettabyte (ZB) → Yottabyte (YB). IEC equivalents: KiB → MiB → GiB → TiB → PiB → EiB → ZiB → YiB.
Is 1 GB equal to 1000 or 1024 MB?
1 GB (SI) = 1000 MB. 1 GiB (IEC) = 1024 MiB. The common shorthand "1 GB = 1024 MB" technically refers to 1 GiB = 1024 MiB. The IEC standard was introduced precisely to resolve this ambiguity.
Is internet speed in Mbps megabytes or megabits?
Internet speed is measured in megabits per second (Mbps or Mbit/s), not megabytes (MB/s). To convert to megabytes, divide by 8. A 100 Mbps connection downloads at up to 12.5 MB/s. This converter handles storage size, not speed.
Results are indicative. The converter applies SI (decimal) and IEC (binary) definitions per their respective standards. Differences become significant at large capacities.